ABSTRACT
Objective:To systematically and comprehensively analyze coumarin components in Angelicae Sihensis Radix by an efficient and stable HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method,in order to offer the theoretical basis to develop coumarin,establish the quality control standard and apply in clinic. Method:The separation effect of coumarin components was extracted by adjusting the column,temperature,mobile phase,flow rate,sample concentration and other conditions,and various coumarin components in Angelicae Sihensis Radix were identified by corresponding standards,precise molecular mass,polarity,pyrolysis pattern. Result:In this study,a high-efficiency and stable coumarin separation method was established that can be used to separate complex components,and 14 coumarin components were identified in this study,including phellopterin and osthenol that were rarely reported as effective components in Angelicae Sihensis Radix. Major fragment ions of coumarin components were analyzed. The cleavage in methoxy bond or anisole bond on the parent nucleus was the primary pattern for coumarin components, which was summarized for detecting unknowing coumarins. Conclusion:Abundant coumarins were contained in Angelicae Sihensis Radix. Further qualitative and quantitative analysis of coumarins are conducive to improving the quality standards of Angelicae Sihensis Radix,and providing reference for the development of coumarins and clinical application of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: A detailed data of concha is currently not available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine twelve morphometric measurements of concha, to investigate its sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry, and to establish basic shapes of concha for both sexes and sides. The study sample comprised of 310 young Chinese aged 18-28 years. 141 left and 141 right ear impressions for females, 169 left and 169 right ear impressions for males were collected and scanned. The 3D coordinates of seven landmarks on each auricular concha were obtained using 3D scanning technology and curvature theory. From the landmarks, twelve morphometric measurements of concha were calculated and analyzed. The conchal morphometry exist significantly sexual dimorphism in this study sample. On average, all measurements were larger in males than in females regardless of the sides. There was significantly bilateral asymmetry among left and right conchae in both sexes. Some measurements were larger in the right sides and some measurements were larger in the left sides, but the bilateral difference in both measurements found to be less than 1mm. Additionally, the basic shapes of concha for both sexes and sides were established on the basis of the mean 3D coordinates of each landmark and the mean value of each measurement. The anthropometric method of this study could overcome the difficulty in locating landmarks of auricle complex structures, and attain a higher level of accuracy in the procedure of measurement. The quantitative description of conchal morphometry will be beneficial for plastic surgeons, and for the ergonomic design of hearing aids.
RESUMEN: Actualmente no existen datos detallados de la concha auricular. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar doce medidas morfométricas de la concha auricular, investigar su dimorfismo sexual y asimetría bilateral, y establecer formas básicas de la concha para ambos sexos y lados. La muestra del estudio estaba compuesta por 310 jóvenes chinos de 18 a 28 años de edad. Se recolectaron y escanearon 141 impresiones de la oreja izquierda y 141 de la oreja derecha en mujeres; 169 impresiones de la oreja izquierda y 169 de la oreja derecha en hombres. Las coordenadas 3D de siete hitos en cada concha auricular se obtuvieron utilizando la tecnología de exploración 3D y la teoría de la curvatura. A partir de los hitos, se calcularon y analizaron doce medidas morfométricas de concha. La morfometría conchal indica la existencia significativa de dimorfismo sexual en esta muestra. En promedio, todas las mediciones fueron mayores en los hombres que en las mujeres, independientemente de los lados. Se observó una asimetría bilateral significativa entre las conchas izquierda y derecha en ambos sexos. Algunas medidas eran mayores en el lado derecho y otras medidas eran mayores en el lado izquierdo, pero la diferencia bilateral en ambas medidas fue menor a 1 mm. Además, las formas básicas de concha para ambos sexos y lados se establecieron sobre la base de las coordenadas 3D medias de cada punto de referencia y el valor medio de cada medición. El método antropométrico de este estudio podría superar la dificultad de localizar los hitos de las estructuras del complejo auricular y lograr un mayor nivel de precisión en el procedimiento de medición. La descripción cuantitativa de la morfometría conchal será util para los cirujanos plásticos y para el diseño ergonómico de audífonos.